For our ancestors, the sky was a clock, calendar, and a means for navigation and surveying. Prehistoric sites around the world, such as New Grange, Stonehenge, and the Pyramids of Giza, have long been interpreted as having astronomical connections or significance. This tradition of sky-watching was also practiced in the New World. Mesoamerican cultures developed systematic practices of astronomical observations and measurement. Evidence suggests that the native people of the Southwest were influenced by these neighboring cultures and incorporated some of this knowledge into their own practices. Students will learn about the astronomical traditions of the Ancestral Puebloan cultures of the Southwest, including Chaco, Mesa Verde, Bandelier, as well as those of the adjacent Mogollon and Hohokam people. We will also discuss the connections between the ancient sky-watchers and the subsequent Pueblo cultures of the Rio Grande and Santa Fe River valleys.